Congenital heart surgery often requires multi-stage procedures and repeated surgeries, with the heart being accessed by opening the pericardium, which is sometimes used as an autologous patch to correct heart defects. Synthetic and biosynthetic materials, including those derived from bovine pericardium, are also employed as pericardium scaffolds. This study tested the hypothesis by comparing cell viability across different decellularization agents. Herein the study explored the use of amidosulfobetaine-16 (ASB-16) as a new decellularization agent, hypothesizing that it would cause minimal cytotoxic effects compared to SODIUM DODECYL sulfate (SDS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the production of bovine pericardium scaffolds. An experimental in-vitro design was used, including a control group with NaCl 0.9% and three treatment groups with SDS 0.5%, H2O2 3%, and ASB-16 3%. The results demonstrated significant differences in cell viability, with the ASB-16 3% group showing lower cytotoxicity compared to the control group, SDS 0.5%, and H2O2 3% groups. The study concluded that ASB-16 exhibited lower cytotoxicity, as evidenced by a higher average number of viable cells.

Surfactants are one of the main groups of pollutants released into aqueous solutions due to human activities and their harmful effects have been proven on human. In this study, first, magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs) were synthesized and then, the effects of operating parameters such as surfactant concentration, adsorbent dosage, and pH values were analyzed on the adsorption process. MMWCNTs were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optimal adsorption conditions were achieved at initial pH=4.6, adsorbent concentration=0.5 g/L, and initial SDS concentration=15 mg/L. In addition, the equilibrium of sorption reached after 120 min and the maximum capacity of SDS for monolayer coverage was found to be 61 mg/g at 25°C. Kinetic studies were performed under optimal conditions and the sorption kinetics was described using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental data were studied using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Sips models. Finally, the experimental data were fitted reasonably by Langmuir isotherm. The results demonstrated that MMWCNTs with respect to their high adsorption capacity, relatively low equilibrium time, and capability to be separated from aqueous solutions (after adsorption) could be applied to wastewater treatment.

Background Objective: Soil is the basic component of environment and the main source of food production and its contamination can cause pose many challenges for humans and other living organisms. Although many studies have been done separately to eliminate organic pollutants such as benzene and phenolic compounds from soil, a few studies yet have been done on the removal of crude oil which contains different types of hydrocarbon compounds from the soil. The aim of this study is to determine the removal of crude oil from the soil and provide a comprehensive model. Method: In this study, the ex-situ soil washing method with surface active agent has been used to remove crude oil from soil. For this purpose, first, the soil was artificially polluted with crude oil and then the effects of various parameters such as surfactant concentration in aqueous solutions, the initial concentration of contaminant in the soil, pH, volume of detergent solution, stirring rate, duration of the process and system temperature were evaluated. Findings: The results showed the optimal conditions for the removal of crude oil were concentration of surfactant in aqueous solution of 0. 5% (w/w), initial concentration of crude oil of 5% (w/w), detergent solution pH=11, detergent solution volume of 50 ml, stirring rate of 200 rpm, experiment duration of 15 m and temperature of 45 ° C. In optimal condition, about 96% of crude oil was removed from the soil. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the obtained results, surfactants can be used as a proper substance to remove oil contaminants from soil with a good efficiency.

In this study, the effects of SODIUM DODECYL SULPHATE (SDS) on gas hydrate formation kinetics of methane and ethane mixture has been investigated experimentally and also the thermodynamic natural path has been used for modeling of the hydrate formation rate in a constant volume process. Different mole fractions of methane 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.68 and 0.8 have been studied. All experiments have been carried out at a constant temperature of 277.15 K, approximately initial pressure of 3.6 MPa and a stirrer speed of 800 rpm, with and without the presence of SDS with concentration of 500 ppm. The results show that SDS increases the hydrate formation rate by means of decreasing the gas liquid surface tension, so that the initial rate of hydrate formation and the model kinetic parameter of Ar / RT are increased about 3 and 1.2 times, respectively. Besides, SDS transforms two-step process of methane-ethane hydrate formation to one-step of that. This surfactant also promotes the hydrate growth in the liquid phase and increases the moles of gas consumed, so that the highest amount of gas consumption for hydrate formation belongs to the mixture with 0.3 mole fraction of methane.

The interaction of SODIUM n-DODECYL SULPHATE and thermophilic α -Amylase from b.subtilis has been investigated employing UV spectrophotometry and kinetics measurments.Spectroscopic measurements were implemented at λ=180nm over the temperature range (20- 105°C) in 0.02M SODIUM phosphate buffer pH=6.9. Kinetics measurements were also used at different temperature and over the pH range (2-13). It has been observed that 1), enzyme shows striking stability, 2), the interaction of SDS (as a potent denaturant) with α – Amylase has no affect on the stability of the enzyme in a temperature less than 90°C, 3), in the presence of SDS thermodynamics parameters, ΔH°m, Δs°m, ΔCP decrease more than 90°C and 4), kinetics measurements at 95°C show small decrease on the activity of α -Amylase in the presence of SDS.

This study presents a new thermodynamic equation for interfacial tension at the organic phase/water interface in the presence of anionic surfactant. The anionic SODIUM DODECYL Sulfate (SDS) is selected to check the validity of the derived equation. The temperature and pressure from the reference are considered as 25° C and 1atm, respectively. It is shown that the newly derived equation can properly describe the organic phase/water interfacial tension in the presence of a single surfactant. In this study, hydrocarbons including n-heptadecane, n-decane, n-nonane, n-octane, n-hexane, 1-octane, 1-hexene, n-cyclohexane, n-cyclohexene, n-butylbenzene, and benzene are considered as the organic phase. By curve-fitting of the experimental data, the following two parameters are obtained: 1) molar surface area, and 2) bulk-surface distribution coefficient of surfactant. In all cases investigated, errors for the proposed equation of this study are less than one of the latest previous works in the literature. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) ranges for the proposed equation and the previous work are 0. 5-5. 1 (mN/m)2 and 1. 8-23. 9 (mN/m)2, respectively. The results show a good agreement with the experimental data in the concentration region below and near the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC).

Background and objectives: SODIUM DODECYL Sulfate (SDS) is one of the most widely used anionic detergents. The present study deals with isolation and identification of SDS-degrading bacteria from a detergent contaminated pond situated in Varanasi city, India.Materials and Methods: Employing enrichment technique in minimal medium (PBM), SDS-degrading bacteria were isolated from pond water sample. Rate of degradation of SDS was studied in liquid PBM and also degradation of different concentrations of SDS was also studied to find out maximum concentration of SDS degraded by the potent isolates. Alkyl sulfatase activity (key enzyme in SDS degradation) was estimated in crude cell extracts and multiplicity of alkyl sulfatase was studied by Native PAGE Zymography. The potent isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis.Results: Using enrichment technique in minimal medium containing SDS as a sole carbon source, initially three SDS degrading isolates were recovered. However, only one isolate, SP3, was found to be an efficient degrader of SDS. It was observed that this strain could completely metabolize 0.1% SDS in 16 h, 0.2% SDS in 20 h and 0.3% SDS in 24 h of incubation. Specific activity of alkyl sulfatase was 0.087±0.004 μmol SDS/mg protein/min and Native PAGE Zymography showed presence of alkyl sulfatase of Rf value of 0.21. This isolate was identified as Pseudomonas putida strain SP3.Conclusion: This is the report of isolation of SDS-degrading strain of P. putida, which shows high rate of SDS degradation and can degrade up to 0.3% SDS. It appears that this isolate can be exploited for bioremediation of this detergent from water systems.